Eating behaviours and perception about body shape among adolescent girls of Panjab University, Chandigarh

Introduction: Indians are experiencing nutritional and lifestyle transitions due to globalization and westernization. The study aimed to find out the current eating patterns and body shape concerns and various factors that influence eating behaviors and body shape concerns of late-adolescent girls. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 undergraduate adolescent girl university students from 12 departments in the age group of 17–19 years. Eating attitude and body shape concerns of adolescents were determined by using the standard eating attitude test-26 (EAT-26) and body shape questionnaire (BSQ-34). Results: The duration of the study was 6 months and participants were selected by simple random sampling. The mean age of the study subjects was 18.52 (±0.63) years. The majority of subjects had an urban background (85%). Less than half had an exercise routine (44%) which was followed daily. As per body mass index (BMI) distribution, 19.57% were underweight, 11.3% were overweight and only 2.17% were obese. An unfavorable eating attitude was found in 18% of subjects whereas 38.2% had mild to the marked concern of body shape. There was a significant positive correlation between BSQ with BMI (r = 0.387, P ? 0.01) and BSQ-34 with EAT-26 (r = 0.367, P ? 0.01). Conclusion: Current study shows that late adolescent urban females are susceptible to eating disorders and are body image conscious. Institutional mechanisms should be brought in place to address the need of improving their eating habits and modification of lifestyle.

A comprehensive yoga programme for weight reduction in children & adolescents with obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Background & objectives: Obesity is a rising pandemic in childhood. There is scarcity of evidence on the efficacy of yoga in achieving weight loss in overweight/obese children. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of family-based comprehensive yoga intervention in the reduction of body mass index (BMI) in overweight/obese children, in comparison to standard dietary and lifestyle counselling and control group. Methods: This was an open-label randomized controlled study. Children aged 8-15 yr who were overweight or had obesity were randomized to one of the three arms for 18 wk; standard weight management (group 1), yoga with dietary modification (group 2) and control (no intervention; group 3). Reduction in BMI and improvement in physiological, biochemical and psychological parameters from baseline to 18 wk was compared between the three arms. Late follow up was also done at 6-12 months. Results: A total of 165 children with mean±standard deviation (SD) age of 11.6±1.8 yr and mean BMI 26.3±4.2 kg/m2 were enrolled. Outcome analysis at 18 wk was performed for 109 children. Improved diet quality and reduced intake were observed in both intervention arms. The median (IQR) reduction in BMI in standard and yoga arms was similar [?1.4 (?3.1, ?0.5) kg/m2 and ?1.2 (?2.3, ?0.6) kg/m2, respectively], while it increased by +0.3 (?0.3, 0.1) in the control arm. In the yoga arm, mean systolic BP reduced from 118 (10) to 114 (8) mmHg, (P=0.019). In the standard arm, significant improvement in psychological scores was noted. In group 3, the mean fasting glucose increased from 93±10 to 102±12 mg/dl (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that yoga in conjunction with dietary modification is equally effective as the standard weight management for BMI reduction in the paediatric age group.

Valor diagnóstico de indicadores antropométricos para sobrepeso y obesidad / Diagnostic value of anthropometric indicators for overweight and obesity

La obesidad se define por un exceso de masa grasa, sin embargo, hay otros indicadores antropométricos que pueden ser útiles para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad; Objetivo. Determinar la exactitud diagnóstica del índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC) e índice de forma corporal (ABSI) para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad en una población adulta del Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional de corte transversal en el que participaron 253 sujetos con edades entre 20 y 60 años. Se midió peso, estatura, circunferencia de la cintura y porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC). Se correlacionó el PGC con IMC, CC y ABSI y se estableció la sensibilidad y especificidad de estos indicadores para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad con curvas ROC. Resultados. El PGC fue menor en hombres que en mujeres (30,9 vs 41,87), ABSI y CC fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres (0,079 vs 0,075) y (99,76 vs 91,25) respectivamente. Se encontró una correlación positiva fuerte (≥0,75) entre el PGC e IMC y CC. En la curva ROC, el área bajo la curva más alta se observa para el IMC (0,949), mientras que el área más baja se observa para ABSI (0,395). Conclusión. El IMC es el indicador con mayor precisión diagnóstica de sobrepeso u obesidad. ABSI no sería un indicador útil en el diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad(AU)

Obesity is defined by an excess of fat mass, however, there are other anthropometric indicators that can be useful for the diagnosis of overweight or obesity; Objetive. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body shape index (ABSI) for the diagnosis of overweight or obesity in an adult population of Ecuador. Materials and methods. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in which 253 subjects aged between 20 and 60 years participated. Weight, height, waist circumference and percentage body fat (PBF) were measured. The PBF was correlated with BMI, WC and ABSI and the sensitivity and specificity of these indicators were established for the diagnosis of overweight or obesity with ROC curves. Results. The PBF was lower in men than in women (30.09 vs 41.87), ABSI and CC were higher in men than in women (0.079 vs 0.075) and (99.76 vs 91.25) respectively. A strong positive correlation (≥0.75) was found between % body fat and BMI and WC. On the ROC curve, the area under the highest curve is observed for BMI (0.949), while the lowest area is observed for ABSI (0.395). Conclusion. The BMI is the indicator with the highest diagnostic precision of overweight or obesity. ABSI would not be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of overweight or obesity(AU)

Combined Effects of A Body Shape Index and Serum C-reactive Protein on Ischemic Stroke Incidence among Mongolians in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of a high body shape index (ABSI) and a high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the incidence of ischemic stroke in a Mongolian population in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2,589 participants from June 2002 to July 2012 in Inner Mongolia, China. The participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their level of ABSI and CRP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke among all groups.@*RESULTS@#The multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke for high ABSI and high CRP level were 1.46 (0.89-2.39) and 1.63 (0.95-2.79), respectively. Compared with the low ABSI/low CRP level group, the multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke in the low ABSI/high CRP, high ABSI/low CRP, and high ABSI/high CRP groups were 1.04 (0.46-2.35), 1.06 (0.58-1.95) and 2.52 (1.27-5.00), respectively. The HR of ischemic stroke for the high ABSI/high CRP level group was the highest and most statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#We found that participants with simultaneously high ABSI and high CRP levels had the highest risk of ischemic stroke in the Mongolian population. Our findings suggest that the combination of high ABSI and high CRP levels may increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

Influence of body shape on the short-term therapeutic effects of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: a multicentre retrospective study (A report of 506 cases) / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of perioperative complications of laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy and influence of body shape on the short-term therapeutic effects.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 506 patients (328 males and 178 females,average age 60 years with the range of 24-85 years) who underwent laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy+D2 lymph nodes dissection in the 8 clinical centers between March 2016 and November 2018 were collected,including 143 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,66 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,66 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,64 in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University,54 in the Affiliated Hangzhou First people's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,48 in the Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,35 in the Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University,30 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College.The maximum thickness of subcutaneous fat at the level of umbilicus (USCF),the maximum vertical distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the umbilicus (UAPD),the maximum horizontal distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the umbilicus (UTD),the maximum verticaldistance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the xiphoid bone (XAPD),the maximum horizontal distance between the.anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the xiphoid bone (XTD),the distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the root of celiac artery (CAD) and the maximum horizontal distance at a right angle to CAD (CATD) were measured using preoperative imaging examinations.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative and postoperative situations;(2) follow-up situations;(3) risk factors analysis of perioperative complications;(4) influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery:① Pearson univariate correlation analysis,② liner regression model analysis.Followup using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative survival and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Comparisons of ordinal data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test.Risk factors of perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were analyzed by Logistic regression model.Influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery was analyzed by Pearson univariate correlation analysis and liner regression model.Results (1) Intraoperative and postoperative situations:all the 506 patients underwent successful laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,including 103 with Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis,140 with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis,201 with Billroth Ⅱ + Braun anastomosis,62 with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph nodes dissected,time to postoperative anal exsufflation,time for initial fluid diet intake,time for initial semi-fluid diet intake and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (233±44)minutes,(102±86)mL,34±13,(3.6±1.5)days,(5.8±3.3)days,(8.3±3.8)days,(12.2±5.7)days respectively in the 506 patients.Of 506 patients,196 were defined as pathological stage Ⅰ,122 were defined as pathological stage Ⅱ and 188 were defined as pathological stage Ⅲ postoperatively.Of 506 patients,93 had 106 times of perioperative complications,including 33 times of pulmonary and upper respiratory infection,12 times of incisional infection,11 times of anastomotic leakage,11 times of abdominal infection,8 times of intestinal obstruction,8 times of gastroplegia,6 times of abdominal hemorrhage,5 times of bacteremia,3 times of anastomotic hemorrhage,3 times of lymph fluid leakage,2 times of pancreatic leakage,1 time of urinary infection,1 time of anatomotic stenosis,1 time of deep venous thrombosis and 1 time of pulmonary embolism;the same patient can merge multiple complications.Eleven patients were in the Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ Ⅲ.(2) Follow-up situations:465 of 506 patients were followed up for 1-32 months with a median time of 12 months.During the follow-up,451 had postoperative survival and 38 had tumor recurrence or metastasis.(3) Risk factors analysis of perioperative complications.① Results of univariate analysis showed that age,body mass index (BMI),preoperative hemoglobin,preoperative serum albumin and XAPD were related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (x2 =10.289,7.427,5.269,5.481,4.285,P＜ 0.05).② Results of multivariate analysis showed that age,BMI,preoperative serum albumin were independent related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (odds ratio =1.033,1.118,0.937,95％ interval confidence:1.011-1.057,1.025-1.219,0.887-0.990,P＜0.05).(4) Influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery.① Results of Pearson univariate correlation analysis showed correlations between UAPD,XAPD,CAD,CATD and volume of intraoperative blood loss (r=0.107,0.169,0.179,0.106,P＜0.05),between UAPD,XAPD,CAD and the number of lymph nodes dissected (r=-0.137,-0.143,-0.173,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD and time to postoperative anal exsufflation (r =0.122,0.109,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD,CAD and time for initial fluid diet intake (r=0.132,0.108,0.132,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD and duration of postoperative hospital stay (r=0.116,0.100,P＜0.05).② Results of liner regression model analysis showed a positive correlation between CAD and volume of intraoperative blood loss (r =6.776),a negative correlation between CAD and the number of lymph nodes dissected (r =-0.841),with statistically significant differences (t =2.410,-1.992,P＜ 0.05);a positive correlation between USCF and time to postoperative anal exsufflation (r=0.170),between USCF and time for initial fluid diet intake (r=0.365),between USCF and duration of postoperative hospital stay (r=0.636) respectively,with statisticallysignificant differences (t =2.188,1.981,2.107,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Abdominal shape can influence intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,but cannot increase risks ofperioperative complications.Age,BMI and preoperative serum albumin are independent related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.

Assessment of Culture Potentialities of Hybrids from Crosses between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron Reared in Ebrié Lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire) Using Geometric Morphometric Approach

Culture potentialities of the hybrids from crosses between Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppel, 1852) were assessed in breeding design through morphological features using geometric morphometric approach. The crosses and rearing procedure, that lasted six months, are performed into a concrete pond at Layo Aquaculture Station. The morphological studies were undertaken with morphometric biomarkers such as average body shape and components of developmental homeostasis (canalisation and developmental stability). Average body shape between groups was investigated using Relative Warps Analysis (RWA) and Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA), whereas canalisation and fluctuating asymmetry were evaluated from ANOVA Procrustes. The results showed that the body shape of the hybrids is intermediate between those of the two parental species and that the reciprocal hybrids of first generation exhibit heterosis in size. This hybrid vigor appeared more on the hybrids resulting from crosses between S. melanotheron males and O. niloticus females. In a general way, the morphology of the head of the hybrids is similar to that of the parent O. niloticus and their fins resembled to those of the parent S. melanotheron. Moreover, fluctuating asymmetry in shape does not vary between parental species and hybrids, contrary to fluctuating asymmetry in size, which is lesser in latter. Canalisation was found to be smaller in the hybrids compared to the parental ones. So, these results revealed that the hybrids could benefit from most of accrued advantages of parental species.

ABSI is a poor predictor of insulin resistance in Chinese adults and elderly without diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective: Recently, a new obesity index (A Body Shape Index, ABSI) based on waist circumference (WC) was developed, and high ABSI corresponds to a more central concentration of body volume. It is well known that central obesity is closely linked with insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, our study aimed to examine the discriminatory power of ABSI for IR in Chinese adults and elderly without diabetes. Subjects and methods: In 2007, a cross-sectional study was made. In this study, 570 individuals without diabetes were available for analysis (male: 56.1%, mean age: 62.3 ± 6.5 years). Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined to identify variables/models that could predict insulin resistance. Results: ABSI was associated with IR, the cut-off points was 0.0785 m11/6kg-2/3 to identifying IR and the area under the ROC (AUC) curve was 0.618 (95%CI: 0.561-0.675), which was not better than body mass index BMI (AUC = 0.753; 95%CI: 0.706-0.801), WC (AUC = 0.749; 95%CI: 0.700-0.797), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG, AUC = 0.752; 95%CI: 0.705-0.799). Furthermore, combination with ABSI could improve the discriminatory power of other variables for IR. The AUC curve increased from 0.753 to 0.771for BMI, 0.749 to 0.754 for WC, 0.752 to 0.769 for FPG, respectively. Conclusions: ABSI is associated with IR in the general Chinese adults and elderly without diabetes, but the discriminatory power for IR is poor. It is recommended that ABSI be used in combination with other variables.

Secular Trends for Body-shape Perception, Weight-loss Efforts, and Weight-loss Behaviors in Korean Adults Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2014

BACKGROUND: The objective of study was to investigate secular trends for body-shape perception, weight-loss efforts, and weight-loss behaviors from 2001 to 2014 in Korean adults and factors related to those weight-related attitude. METHODS: Self-reported body-shape perception, weight-loss efforts, and weight-loss behaviors were used in 26,480 men and 35,051 women aged 19 or older using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2001 to 2014 (from 2005 to 2014 for weight-loss behaviors). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex sampling design in each sex. RESULTS: Body-shape misperception tended to decrease from 2001 to 2014 and weight-loss efforts tended to increase over the period in all subjects, whereas unhealthy weight-loss behaviors tended to increase over the period in women. In multivariable logistic regression model, body-shape misperception in men was inversely associated with survey year, while positively associated with age and weight status. In women, body-shape misperception was inversely associated with survey year, education, and income, while positively associated with age and weight status. Weight-loss efforts in both sexes were inversely associated with age, while positively associated with survey year, education, income, and weight status. Healthy weight-loss behaviors were positively associated with education but inversely associated with age in men. In women, those behaviors were positively associated with education and weight status, while inversely associated with survey year. CONCLUSIONS: We found decreased body-shape misperception and increased weight-loss efforts in Korean men and women from 2001 to 2014, and decreased healthy weight-loss behaviors in women from 2005 to 2014.

Evaluation of the Wearing Characteristics of Hip Protectors Based on Draping Pattern Design and Body Shape in Korean Elderly People

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the new hip protector design with respect to the comfort and mobility. The new hip protector was developed based on a pattern of draping and body shape of Korean elderly individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An wearing characteristics evaluation was conducted on 101 elderly women wearing hip protector using a questionnaire of preference and ease of wearing. Hip protectors, with existing and newly developed belt and underwear types, which were previously preferred by the Korean elderly, were evaluated. RESULTS: The newly developed belt type (65.0%) and newly developed underwear type (30.1%) hip protectors were preferred to the existing type (3.9%) and existing underwear type (1.0%) ones. The convenience of the newly developed belt type was greater than 4 out of 5 points (1 for strongly disagree and 5 for strongly agree) for all nine measures, including fit, allowance, mobility, pad placement, pad thickness, pad size, material, design, ease of dressing, and ease of undressing. The newly developed hip protectors showed less discomfort than the existing ones. In particular, the newly developed belt type and developed underwear type improved sitting convenience by 31.1% and 26.1%, respectively, compared with the existing ones. CONCLUSION: The hip protectors developed in the present study is expected to provide better fit for the body shape of Korean elderly individuals and prevent hip fracture due to fall.

The relationship of birth weight, body shape and body composition at birth to altitude in Saudi Arabia / Relación de la altitud con el peso al nacer, la forma del cuerpo y la composición corporal en nacimientos en Arabia Saudita

The objective of this work was to study the effect of high altitude on full term birth weight, body shape and body composition of newborn infants. Twenty five healthy pregnant Saudi women and their healthy newborns from high altitude (2850-3150 m) and equal numbers from low altitude (500 m). For each pregnant woman haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value and blood pressures were measured and recorded immediately after admission to hospital for delivery. Fetal haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value were determined immediately after delivery. Determination of the newborn's body shape and composition were made from anthropometric measurements which were performed two hours after delivery. Placental weight was determined immediately after its delivery. Placentae were then examined histologically. Compared with their respectives from lowland, the pregnant women from high altitude and their placentae showed haemotogical and histological changes suggestive of maternal and placental hypoxia respectively. There was no haematological evidence suggesting that the high altitude fetuses experienced a greater degree of hypoxia in utero than did the low altitude fetuses. Compared with lowland newborns highland newborns were significantly lighter but fatter and have significantly greater head circumference: birth weight ratios and abdominal circumferences. These differences in body physique between high and lowland neoborns appeared to be mainly secondary to placental hypoxia resulting from maternal hypoxia which in turn was caused by high altitude hypoxia. The altered body physique at birth due to high altitude hypoxia appeared to be not mediated by fetal hypoxia, but possibly by other mechanisms induced by placental hypoxia.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de altura elevada en el peso al nacer a término, la forma del cuerpo y la composición corporal de los recién nacidos. Se estudiaron veinticinco mujeres saudíes, embarazadas sanas y sus recién nacidos sanos, de una zona de gran altura (2850 - 3150 m) y un número igual de una zona de baja altitud (500 m). Las concentraciones de hemoglobina y los valores de hematocrito de las mujeres embarazadas fueron medidas y registradas inmediatamente después de la admisión al hospital para el parto. La concentración de hemoglobina fetal y el valor del hematocrito se determinaron inmediatamente después del parto. Las determinaciones de la forma y composición del cuerpo del recién nacido se realizaron a partir de mediciones antropométricas dos horas después del parto. El peso de la placenta se determinó inmediatamente después de su expulsión. Las placentas fueron examinadas histológicamente. En comparación con sus pares de áreas de baja altura, las mujeres embarazadas de gran altura y su placenta mostraron cambios hematolológicos e histológicos indicativos de hipoxia materna y placentaria, respectivamente. No hubo evidencia hematológica lo que sugiere que los fetos de zonas de gran altura experimentaron un mayor grado de hipoxia en el útero, que los fetos de baja altura. En comparación con los recién nacidos de las tierras bajas de la montaña, los recién nacidos fueron significativamente más livianos pero más obesos, y se registró la circunferencia de la cabeza: se relacionó el peso al nacer y la circunferencia abdominal. Estas diferencias en la constitución corporal entre neonatos de alturas elevadas y bajas parecían ser principalmente secundarias a la hipoxia placentaria, en consecuencia de la hipoxia materna, que a su vez fue causada por la hipoxia de la altura. La composición corporal alterada del recién nacido por hipoxia de altura, parecía no estar mediado por la hipoxia fetal, por el contrario estarían producidos posiblemente por otros mecanismos inducidos por la hipoxia placentaria.

Bienestar subjetivo e imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarias de Arequipa / Subjective wellbeing and body image in college students in Arequipa

Este estudio exploró la correlación entre el bienestar subjetivo y la imagen corporal de las estudiantes mujeres en una universidad de Arequipa. La muestra estuvo constituida de 155 estudiantes mujeres entre los 17 y 24 años de las tres carreras profesionales. Las participantes fueron evaluadas en sus respectivos salones. La validación del Cuestionario de la Imagen Corporal (BSQ) fue calculada con Alfa de Cronbach y se obtuvo un valor de 0.92. Los resultados indicaron que existe una correlación negativa significativa entre el bienestar subjetivo y la imagen corporal (r = -0.478; p < 0.001). Asimismo, se indicó que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las carreras de administración y derecho con respecto al bienestar subjetivo (t = 0.201; p > 0.05) y a la imagen corporal (t = -0.606; p > 0.05). Esto muestra que la distorsión de la imagen corporal tiene un impacto negativo en el bienestar subjetivo de las estudiantes universitarias mujeres.

This study explored the correlation between subjective wellbeing and body image of female students at a university in Arequipa. The sample consisted by 155 female students between 17 and 24 years old from the three professional careers. The participants were evaluated in their respective classrooms. The validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was calculated using CronbachÆs alpha and obtained a value of 0.92. The results indicated that there is significant negative correlation between the subjective wellbeing and body image (r = -0.478; p < 0.001). It was also noted that there is no statistical significant difference between management and law careers with respect to the subjective wellbeing (t = 0.201; p > 0.05) and body image (t = -0.606; p > 0.05). This shows that the distortion of body image has a negative impact on the subjective wellbeing of women university students.

Body-QoL: un nuevo instrumento de evaluación de resultados desde la perspectiva del paciente en cirugía del contorno corporal estética y post bariátrica / Development and testing of an instrument to assess body shape related quality of life

Background: The assessment of patient satisfaction and quality of life after body remodeling surgery is important. Aim: To develop and assess a self-report instrument to evaluate the results of bariatric and body remodeling surgery. Material and Methods: A three phase methodology was used. In phase 1, literature was reviewed and in depth interviews to patients were carried out, creating a preliminary instrument that was applied to 1,340 patients in phase 2. In phase 3, the final assessment of the instrument was performed, applying it to 34 patients. The psychometric properties of the in instrument were evaluated. Results: The instrument has four domains (satisfaction with abdomen, sexual life, self-esteem and social life and psychological symptoms) and 20 items. Its score ranges from 20 (worst) to 100 (better). Response rate was 100 percent, internal reliability was 93 percent and test-re test concordance was 98 percent. Body shape related quality of life was significantly higher in men than in women. It decreases with age and with increasing body mass index. Patients subjected to bariatric surgery had lower scores than patients subjected to esthetic surgery. In the postoperative period, the score improved by 21.9 +/- 16.9 points...

Objetivo: La evaluación de resultados cualitativos demanda la utilización de instrumentos sistemáticos y reproducibles. No existe actualmente un instrumento para evaluación de resultados en cirugía de contorno corporal. nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar un nuevo instrumento de autoreporte de resultados desde la perspectiva del paciente (PROM) para medir calidad de vida (CdV) asociada a satisfacción corporal. Materiales y Métodos: Se siguió un diseño fase 3 estándar para la creación de un instrumento de autoreporte de resultados por el paciente; en la fase 1 se utilizó un diseño cualitativo en 45 pacientes para desarrollar un marco conceptual y crear los dominios e ítems de la escala preliminar. En la fase 2, se condujo una evaluación de la población a gran escala en 1.340 pacientes a fin de reducir los ítems y dominios. En la fase 3, se realizó una evaluación final del instrumento desarrollado en 34 pacientes. La evaluación estadística incluyó análisis de factores, RASCH y regresión multivariada. Las propiedades psicométricas medidas fueron la confiabilidad interna de la escala, correlaciones item-test, item-retest y correlación test-retest. Resultados: El instrumento desarrollado consta de 4 dominios (Satisfacción con el abdomen, vida sexual, autoestima-vida social y síntomas psicológicos) y 20 ítems en total. El puntaje puede variar entre 20 (peor) y 100 (mejor). La tasa de respuesta fue 100%, confiabilidad interna 93,3%, concordancia test-retest 97,7%. La calidad de vida (CdV) asociada a imagen corporal fue superior en hombres que en mujeres (p < 0,001) y disminuye con la edad (p = 0,004) e incremento del IMC (p < 0,001). Los pacientes de cirugía de contorno corporal post bariátrica, puntuaron menos que los pacientes de estética en todos los dominios del instrumento Body-QoL (p < 0,001). En el postoperatorio el puntaje mejoró un promedio de 21,9 ± 16,9 (tamaño efecto 1,8, p < 0,001)...

Eating disorders among medical students of a rural teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Eating disorders are complex psychiatric syndromes in that can lead to significant and potentially life threatening medical and nutrition complications. Literature from India in this regard is restricted and issues such as eating attitudes and body shape dissatisfaction remain unexplored in the Indian setting. It has been argued that eating disorders are culture-bound disorders specific to western societies. Consequently, these conditions remain understudied in most non-western settings. Objectives: 1) To determine the prevalence of eating disorders and body shape perception among medical students. 2) To assess any association between eating disorders and body shape perception. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 172 medical students using Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Anthropometric measurements like height, weight was done for body mass index calculation and analysis was done with open Epi and Microsoft excel. Results: An overall prevalence of overweight was calculated to be 17.4% and obesity, 6.4%. The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours in our study was 16.9% and a significant correlation between distorted eating attitudes and age with body shape dissatisfaction was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on rise and a comparable level of eating disorders was observed. It is recommended to assess BMI along with the body shape concerns while screening for eating disorders among medical students.

Cross-Sectional Study between Anthropometric Obesity Indices and Intraocular Pressure

PURPOSE: To investigate the cross sectional study association of intraocular pressure (IOP) with anthropometric obesity indices. METHODS: We classified study subjects into three groups-normal, overweight and obesity, and investigated the correlation of IOP with age, gender and anthropometric obesity indices such as obesity Index, body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) on healthy subjects. RESULTS: Of a total of 63,385 participants, 30,288 were male and 33,097 were female. Mean IOP was 15.13 +/- 3.24 mm Hg for men and 14.44 +/- 3.02 mm Hg for women. The obesity index and BMI in the normal, overweight and obesity groups were significantly different in both men and women (p < 0.05). Mean IOP increased to a higher degree in the obesity group. In the normal, overweight and obesity group divided by ABSI, there were no significant differences in both men (p = 0.66) and women (p = 0.28). Between the normal and overweight group and the normal and obesity group divided by WHtR, there were significant differences in men (p < 0.05) and women (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed the significant relationship between obesity index, BMI, ABSI, WHtR and IOP in men and women. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the obesity index was the highest value following BMI, WHtR and ABSI. CONCLUSIONS: Korean healthy subjects showed a correlation between IOP and anthropometric obesity indices regardless of gender, and the obesity index had the highest correlation.

Perfeccionismo e insatisfacción corporal en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria / Perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in eating disorders

Background: There is an important relationship between perfectionism (P), body dissatisfaction (BD) and eating disorders (ED). Objective: To describe the evidence about P and/or BD within the clinical course of ED. Method: A review of specialized textbooks and the available literature in PubMed was made. Two descriptive case reports are analyzed. Results: Socially prescribed and self-oriented dimensions of P were related to ED attitudes and specially restrictive behaviors, mediating and moderating the association between BD and ED. BD and P are intrapersonal risk factors in the development of an ED. BD shares about 10% of genetic variability with P and both increase the appearance comparative assessment, mainly within a higher western acculturation, drive for thinness, a maladaptative stress response, a low self-esteem, the severity of the disorder, depressive symptomatology, sports that emphasize a slim body shape, comorbidities (personality, anxiety and/or affective disorders), alexithymia and lack of assertiveness. Conclusions: According to the evidence, BD and P, although unspecific, are core characteristics of ED as predisposing, triggering and/or perpetuating factors that significantly influence its treatment and outcome.

Antecedentes: Existe una importante relación entre el perfeccionismo (P), la insatisfacción corporal (IC) y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Objetivo: Se analiza descriptivamente la evidencia sobre la relación entre P e IC en el curso clínico de los TCA. Método: Se efectuó una revisión de la literatura disponible en PubMed y textos de consulta especializados. Se analizan dos casos clínicos ilustrativos. Resultados: El Pen sus dimensiones socialmente prescrito y auto-orientado se asoció con actitudes y conductas de TCA, especialmente restrictivas, mediando y moderando la relación entre la IC y el TCA. La IC y el P son factores de riesgo intrapersonal para el desarrollo de TCA. La IC comparte alrededor del 10% de la variabilidad genética con el P y ambos favorecen la evaluación comparativa de la apariencia, principalmente con una mayor aculturación occidental, la motivación por la delgadez, la respuesta maladaptativa al estrés, la baja autoestima, la severidad del desorden, la sintomatología depresiva, los deportes que acentúan la silueta corporal esbelta, las comorbilidades (trastornos de personalidad, de ansiedad, afectivos), la alexitimia y la falta de asertividad. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a la evidencia, la IC y el P, aunque inespecíficas, son características nucleares de los TCA como factores predisponentes, desencadenantes y perpetuantes, que influyen significativamente en su tratamiento y desenlace.

An objective measure to evaluate actual body shape among children and adolescents in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to explore an objective measure to assess actual body shape of children and adolescents in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 2005, 210 927 children and adolescents' (7-18 years) body height, body weight, chest circumference, sitting height, chest circumference-height ratio, chest circumference-sitting height ratio, chest circumference-low limb ratio, and sitting height-low limb ratio measurements were used to develop an objective measure by using transformation variables and explored factor analysis (EFA). Discrimination power of the objective measure was evaluated based on BMI reference and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The objective measure included four dimensions scores: transverse dimension (TD) indicating weight and chest circumference; length dimension (LD) indicating height and sitting height; transverse-length ratio dimension (TLD) indicating chest circumference-height ratio, chest circumference-sitting height and chest circumference-low limb ratio; proportion dimension (PD) indicating sitting height-low limb ratio. The whole dimension (WD) indicating the whole body shape was showed by the average of four dimensions scores. Four dimensions and WD scores were approximately 80 in children and adolescents with normal weight, and higher than those of overweight, obesity, and underweight (all P-values <0.001). Areas under ROC of overweight and obesity compared with normal weight ranged from 0.88 to 1.00 for scores of TD, TLD, and WD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The objective measure which included four dimensions was explored, and TD, TLD, and WD had significant discrimination power.</p>

High tendency to the substantial concern on body shape and eating disorders risk of the students majoring Nutrition or Sport Sciences

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that university students majoring in nutrition and dietetics or sport sciences may have more obsessions associated with eating attitudes and body shape perception compared to other disciplines i.e. social sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the risk of eating disorders and body shape perception. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data was collected from 773 undergraduate students at the Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics (NDD) (n = 254), Physical Education and Sports (PESD) (n = 263), and Social Sciences (SOC) (n = 256).A socio-demographic and personal information questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Perceived Figure Rating Scale (FRS) were applied; and body weights and heights were measured. RESULTS: Mean EAT-40 scores showed that, both male and female students of PESD had the highest scores (17.4 +/- 11.6) compared with NDD (14.3 +/- 8.3) and SOC (13.0 +/- 6.2) (P < 0.05). According to EAT-40 classification, high risk in abnormal eating behavior was more in PESD (10.7%) compared to NDD (2.9%) and SOC (0.4%) students (P < 0.05). Students of PESD, who skipped meal, had higher tendency to the risk of eating disorders (P < 0.05). In parallel, body shape perception was found to be marked with higher scores in NDD (72.0 +/- 28.7) and PESD (71.5 +/- 32.8) compared with SOC (64.2 +/- 27.5) students (P < 0.05). Considering BSQ-34 classification, high concern (moderate and marked) for body shape were more in PESD (7.4 %) compared to NDD (5.2%) and SOC (1.9%) students (P < 0.05). The body size judgement via obtained by the FRS scale were generally correlated with BMI. The Body Mass Index levels were in normal range (Mean BMI: 21.9 +/- 2.8 kg/m2) and generally consistent with FRS data. CONCLUSIONS: Tendency to the abnormal eating behavior and substantial body shape perception were higher in PESD students who have more concern on body shape and were not well-educated about nutrition. In conclusion, substantial concern on physical appearance might affect eating behavior disorders in PESD students.

Body Image, Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes and Weight Control of Female Junior High School Students by the Body Mass Index in Seoul / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: In this study, perception of body image, eating attitudes and weight control were examined by the degree of obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: Out of 420 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students (aged 12-16 years), 407 were returned (97% response rate) and 395 were analyzed (94% analysis rate). Female students were divided into two groups based on the BMI percentile using the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. (1) normal weight (5 th percentile < or = BMI < 85th percentile) (2) obese (85th percentile < or = BMI) by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Satisfaction of self-body shape, risk of disturbed eating attitudes (Eating Attitude Test : EAT-26), and weight control behaviors were examined. RESULTS: Distribution of the subjects by BMI was 74.5% of normal and 25.5% of obese. There were significant differences between self-perceived current body image and self-perceived ideal body image. The dissatisfaction of body image was higher in obese than in normal groups (p < 0.001). 51.4% of female students were unsatisfied with their body image, while 2.6% were very satisfied. Among the students unsatisfied with their body image, 150 (52.1%) were of normal weight and 48 (49.4%) were obese. EAT-26 total scores were significantly higher in the obese group (16.42 +/- 8.23) compared with normal group (13.72 +/- 8.10) (p < 0.01). Attempted to weight control were significantly different by the BMI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that there was desire to become thinner than current status in female students, even those with normal BMI. Many female students were dissatisfied with their body image and attempted to lose weight. It is harmful to their health and nutritional status if they choose undesirable methods. These findings suggested that there are needs to encourage female students for maintaining healthy weight. A higher score of EAT-26 was associated with dissatisfaction of selfbody image and this may lead to unhealthy behaviors in obese female students.

Gender Differences in Body Image Perception among Northern Malaysian Tertiary Students.

Aims: This study examined the association of socio-cultural and psychological factors with body shape concern, perception and body weight perception among tertiary students of Northern Malaysia. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Universiti and Kolej Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR and KTAR), Perak campuses, between August 2011 and January 2012. Methodology: A total of 1003 students were recruited (M = 431, F = 572; mean age 19.96 ± 1.51) and their body image perception were assessed using Body Shape Concern Questionnaire, Body Weight Perception Questionnaire, Body Shape Perception Questionnaire (Stunkard Silhouette Chart), Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and Quality of Life measurement. Results: More females than males had problems with their body shape, where more females desired a thinner body size and vice versa for males. There was misperception of opposite sex’s perception of attractive body shape, where males chose a larger figure for attractive body shape of female compared to females themselves, and vice versa. Overweight students had significantly lower parental/peer acceptance, higher body shape satisfaction and hence lower body weight/shape anxiety, and made lesser body shape comparison compared to other counterparts. Quality of life and self-esteem were significantly negatively correlated with body satisfaction. Conclusion: Male and female Malaysian tertiary students were concerned with their body shape and perceived their body weight/shape differently.

A comparitive study on the status of physique in populations in Chengdu and the whole nation in 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the status of physique and variational tendency of population in Chengdu,and comparing to the national level,for the purpose of providing evidence in improving the body mass among citizens in Chengdu.Methods Different groups were selected by cluster random sampling method,with a total of 5603 samples selected.Body shape,physiological and physical skills were measured according to the 2010 Workbook of Public Physique Monitoring Program and compared to the results from 2010.T test was used.Results For body shape,height and weight of the people in Chengdu were lower than the national average levels.Among them,males aged from 45 to 64 years old were 4.0 cm lower,females above 40 years old were 2.0 cm lower in height,when comparing to the national average levels with differences on weight as 3.5-6.4 kg for men and 1.7-3.2 kg for women.The chest,waist and hip circumferences of males were less than the national average levels,but showing at matching levels in women.Upper arm and abdominal skinfold in men were less than the national average,but the scapular skinfold was larger.Scapular skinfold was larger than the national levels,more than 7.1 mm in the 30 to 59 year-olds.Skin folds of the upperarm,shoulder and scapular in females were larger than the national levels.Citizens in Chengdu and the nation showed matching physiological levels.Physical skill of the adults was weaker than the national average level but the quality regarding power of gripping and time of reaction were superior in the elderly.Conclusion Levels of physique mass in Chengdu citizens were,in general,lower than the national average level.Elderly appeared having better physical quality,but not in the mid-aged adults.Our data suggested that a great effort should be made to improve the health of the mid-aged adults.